Iindaba - Imeko yangoku yemveliso ye-tungsten carbide e-China

Ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kwe-tungsten yaseTshayina kuhlala kuzinzile malunga neetoni ezili-10,000 ngonyaka.Ngokweengxelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten e-China yayiziitoni ezingama-9,200, iitoni ezingama-9,400 kunye neetoni ezingama-9,500 ngo-1994-1996, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten eTshayina kuqikelelwa ukuba kuya kuba ziitoni ezingama-11,500 ngo-2000. I-China iye yatshintsha ngokuzolileyo.Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ukusuka kwi-1980 ukuya kwi-1985, ukwakhiwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten kwi-steelmaking kubalelwa kwi-61% yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo, ukubala umlinganiselo omkhulu;?Ukususela ngo-1986 ukuya ku-1990, umlinganiselo we-tungsten osetyenziswa ekwenzeni intsimbi wehla ukuya kuma-48%, ngelixa umlinganiselo we-tungsten osetyenziswa kwi-carbide enesamente unyuke waya kuma-28%.Ukusukela ngo-1991 ukuya ku-1995, njengoko imveliso ye-carbide enesamente yayisanda, umlinganiselo we-tungsten osetyenziswa kwi-carbide enesamente uye wagqitha kwi-tungsten esetyenziswa ekwenzeni intsimbi, ukusondela kwi-50% yokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten yasekhaya iyonke, ngelixa umlinganiselo we-tungsten osetyenziswa ekwenzeni intsimbi wehla ukuya malunga. 40%.

Kucacile ukuba utshintsho lwesakhiwo sokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten e-China ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokuveliswa kwe-carbide ene-cemented.Ke, uthini umkhwa wemveliso ye-carbide eyenziwe ngesamente yaseTshayina?Indlela yangoku yokuveliswa kwe-carbide e-China.

eTshayinai-carbide enesamenteishishini laqala phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1950, kwaye nangona inkqubo yoshishino yasekwa malunga neminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva kunamazwe aphuhlileyo aseMpuma naseNtshona, isantya sophuhliso lwayo kunye nesikali semveliso yayo yayiphawuleka kwihlabathi.Ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yee-1990, phantsi kohlaziyo kunye nokuvula kunye noqoqosho olujoliswe kwiimarike, ukuveliswa kwe-carbide ene-cemented kuye kwanda kakhulu.Okwangoku, kukho abakhiqizi be-carbide be-cemented 150 e-China, kunye nenani elipheleleyo lokuvelisa i-9,000-10,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka.Iyonke imveliso yonyaka imalunga neetoni ezingama-7000-7500, ezibalelwa kwi-21% yemveliso yonyaka iyonke yehlabathi, engaphezulu kwe-United States, iSweden, iCIS kunye namanye amazwe anenkqubo yoshishino ye-carbide ephezulu kakhulu kwimveliso yokuqala kunye neyokuqala yehlabathi. .Ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeSicwangciso, imveliso yonyaka ye-carbide ene-cemented e-China yayiziitoni ezingama-6528 (imveliso yonyaka iphezulu yayiyi-7540 yeetoni ngo-1994), kwaye umyinge wokusetyenziswa konyaka wawuyi-5894 yeetoni (ukusetyenziswa konyaka okuphezulu kwakuyi-6620 tons) .Ngokwengqikelelo yeengcali, ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu, umyinge wonyaka wemveliso ye-carbide enesamente e-China uya kunyuka nge-6%, oko kukuthi, imveliso yonyaka iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-6976.Ezinye iingcali zisebenzisa i-equation correlation equation ukudibanisa intsimbi kunye ne-cemented carbide production e-China ngexesha leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu.Ukulinganisa kweemathematika kwenziwa ukubala izikhombisi ezibini ze-GDP.

Okwesithathu, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma kunye nentsalelacarbidenjengendlela yokuncedisa ukunqongophala kobutyebi bendalo

Imithombo yendalo ilinganiselwe, kwaye intsimbi ye-alamu yokulahlekelwa inzuzo yezixhobo ze-tungsten iye yavakala ezindlebeni zethu.Xa sijongene nale meko iyingozi, iingcali ziye zaqulunqa amanyathelo amaninzi okuchasa kunye namanyathelo okulungisa.Phakathi kwazo, indlela yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten carbide eseleyo ibonakalise ukuba yinkqubo evuthiweyo, esebenzayo nesebenzayo.Yindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso ye-carbide ngexesha le-tungsten eninzi yendalo ekrwada, kunye nomba obalulekileyo wokwenza ukungabikho kobutyebi ngoku nakwixesha elizayo xa i-tungsten ekrwada yendalo iyancipha.Iqondo losetyenziso olubanzi lwemithombo ehlaziyiweyo yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe kunye neshishini.Enyanisweni, amazwe aphuhlileyo eMpuma naseNtshona sele equkile ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsalela yenkunkuma kwimveliso eqhelekileyo.Okwangoku, ukurisayikilishwa kwabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-scrap eyintsalela ye-cemented carbide ifikelele kwi-30-40% yemveliso yonyaka iyonke.Ukusetyenziswa kweChina ngonyaka kwesinyithi se-tungsten malunga neetoni ezingama-10,000, ukuba inokufikelela kwi-40% yokuphinda isetyenziswe, izibonelelo zayo zoqoqosho kunye nefuthe lokuzaliswa kwezixhobo ziya kuba likhulu kakhulu.Thatha i-carbide ene-cemented njengomzekelo, imveliso epheleleyo ye-carbide ene-cemented e-China ngo-1994 yayiziitoni ezingama-7540, ngokobalo lwe-40% yokubuyisela, kungekhona nje ukuba sinokufumana iitoni eziphantse zibe yi-3000 ye-tungsten yesinyithi, kodwa kunye ne-240 yeetoni ze-cobalt yesinyithi. .Ngokobalo lokutya iitoni ezi-2 ze-tungsten yoxinaniso ngetoni nganye ye-1 ye-samente ye-carbide eveliswayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tungsten concentrate kunokwehliswa malunga neetoni ezingama-6000.Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kudlala indima enkulu ekudambiseni ukunqongophala kwemithombo yoncedo.Imeko esisiseko yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-scrap carbide e-China okwangokuI-residu ye-carbide ye-scrap esibhekisela kuyo apha ibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini: enye yimveliso engafanelekanga kwinkqubo yokuvelisa;enye zixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-carbide (iincani, iintloko zokuqhafaza, iimbumba, njl.).

Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, inani lilonkei-carbide eseleyouveliswa eTshayina malunga neetoni ezingama-3500 ngonyaka.Ngokutsho kwabavelisi be-carbide bangaphandle, phakathi kwezixhobo ze-carbide ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo, i-12-25% ye-scrap welding inserts ingahlaziywa;I-65-70% ye-carbide ye-scrap iyafa (i-punching dies, i-pressing dies, i-drawing dies, njl.) inokuphinda isetyenziswe;I-95-97% ye-scrap machine clamping efakiweyo inokuphinda isetyenziswe.

I-China yaqala ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye isebenzise i-carbide elahlekileyo emva kwexesha.Ngo-1983, umthamo wokurisayikilisha wawuziitoni ezingama-300 kuphela, ezibalelwa kwi-8% yesiphumo saloo nyaka;ngo-1985, iye yanda yaya kutsho ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-400, ibala i-10% yemveliso kuloo nyaka.Ibalelwa kwi-10% yemveliso ngaloo nyaka.Kwiminyaka yamashumi alithoba, umsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa ube nophuhliso olukhulu.Ngoku bangaphezulu kwe-150 abavelisi be-carbide besamente kweli lizwe, ayizizo kuphela iifektri eziphantse zibe ngama-60 ezincinci neziphakathi ezinemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-tungsten ngokusisiseko ukusuka kwizixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo, oko kukuthi, kunye nesikali se-Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Factory kunye neZigong Cemented Carbide Limited Liability Company. (eyayifudula iyiZigong Cemented Carbide Factory) nayo yavula umgca wemveliso yenkunkuma ephinda isetyenzisiwe.Okwangoku, umthamo wesizwe wokuhlaziya ungaphezulu kweetoni ze-1500, ezibalelwa malunga ne-20% okanye ngaphezulu kwemveliso epheleleyo ye-carbide ene-cemented e-China kwaye isondele kwinqanaba laseJapan.Itekhnoloji yenkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-carbide eyintsalela yesamente sele iphelele,?s inkqubo ye-zinc yokunyibilika kwendlela, indlela yokunyibilika kombane kunye nendlela yokutyumza ngoomatshini ilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.I-tungsten carbide powder esetyenzisiweyo ehlaziyiweyo (WC) kunye ne-cobalt powder (Co), ekumgangatho obalaseleyo, ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-carbide, idayimani yokwenziwa, imathiriyeli yesinyithi kunye nezinye iimveliso.Kukho imimandla embalwa apho umsebenzi wokurisayikilishwa kunye nokubuyisela uphinda usebenze ngakumbi, phakathi kwawo: iZhuzhou kunye neChangsha eHunan;iZigong eSichuan;Qinghe kwiPhondo laseHebei;UJinan kwiPhondo laseShandong;I-Mudanjiang kwiPhondo le-Heilongjiang, njl.